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Atypical sensory functioning in autism spectrum conditions
Simon Baron-Cohen, Emma Chapman, Chris Ashwin, Teresa Tavassoli, Marie Gomot, Matthew Belmonte, Michelle O'Riordan, Caroline Robertson
There have been studies of hypersensitivity to sensory responses in different sensory modalities, particularly vision and touch. The ARC was among the first to show superior visual search ability in people with autism or Asperger Syndrome and among their first degree relatives. We are testing if such sensory hypersensitivity is found irrespective of modality, using established methods from psychophysics. These include the measurement of sensory thresholds for detection of a stimulus, sensory discrimination between two stimuli, acuity, and adaptation. We are also relating sensory hypersensitivity to brain activity, using fMRI, and to genetic variation, testing for association with SNPs in candidate genes. Finally, we are interested to understand the relationship between the 'low-level' atypical sensory functioning in autism and the 'higher-level' cognitive differences (e.g., in empathy or systemizing).
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References:

384 S. J. Blakemore, T. Tavassoli, S. Calo, R. M. Thomas, C. Catmur, U. Frith and P. Haggard, (2006) Tactile sensitivity in Asperger syndrome Brain and Cognition 61(1):5-13
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341 M. Gomot, F. A. Bernard, M. H. Davis, M. K. Belmonte, C. Ashwin, E. T. Bullmore and S. Baron- Cohen, (2006) Change detection in children with autism : an auditory event-related fMRI study NeuroImage 29:475-495
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356 M. Gomot, M. Giardi, J. Adrien, C. Barthelemy and N. Bruneau, (2002) Hypersensitivity to acoustic change in children with autism: Electrophysiological evidence of left frontal cortex dysfunctioning Psychophysiology 39:577-584
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109 K. Plaisted, M. O'Riordan and S. Baron-Cohen, (1998) Enhanced visual search for a conjunctive target in autism: A research note Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39(777-783)
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108 K. Plaisted, M. O'Riordan and S. Baron-Cohen, (1998) Enhanced discrimination of novel, highly similar stimuli by adults with autism during a perceptual learning task Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39:765-775
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88 T. Jolliffe and S. Baron-Cohen, (1997) Are people with autism or Asperger's Syndrome faster than normal on the Embedded Figures Task? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 38:527-534
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